How many countries border uzbekistan

According to the reports, the most widespread violations are torture, arbitrary arrests, and various restrictions of freedoms: of religion, of speech and press, of free association and assembly. The reports maintain that the violations are most often committed against members of religious organizations, independent journalists, human rights activists and political activists, including members of the banned opposition parties. The civil unrest in Uzbekistan, which resulted in several hundred people being killed, is viewed by many as a landmark event in the history of human rights abuse in Uzbekistan.

The government of Uzbekistan is accused of unlawful termination of human life and of denying its citizens freedom of assembly and freedom of expression.

The government vehemently rebuffs the accusations, maintaining that it merely conducted an anti-terrorist operation, exercising only necessary force. In addition, some officials claim that "an information war on Uzbekistan has been declared" and the human rights violations in Andijan are invented by the enemies of Uzbekistan as a convenient pretext for intervention into the country's internal affairs.

Uzbekistan also does not allow Tajiks to teach their youth in their native language. There have been cases of destroying Tajiki Persian-language literary works. Uzbekistan is divided into twelve provinces viloyatlar , singular viloyat , compound noun viloyati e. Names are given below in the Uzbek language, although numerous variations of the transliterations of each name exist. Uzbekistan has the fourth largest gold deposits in the world. The country mines 80 tons of gold annually, seventh in the world.

Uzbekistan's copper deposits rank tenth in the world and its uranium deposits twelfth. The country's uranium production ranks seventh globally.

The Uzbek national gas company, Uzbekneftgas, ranks 11th in the world in natural gas production with an annual output of 60 to 70 billion cubic meters. The country has significant untapped reserves of oil and gas: there are deposits of hydrocarbons in Uzbekistan, including 98 condensate and natural gas deposits and 96 gas condensate deposits. Along with many Commonwealth of Independent States or CIS economies, Uzbekistan's economy declined during the first years of transition and then recovered after , as the cumulative effect of policy reforms began to be felt.

Economic production is concentrated in commodities. In , Uzbekistan was the world's seventh-largest producer and fifth-largest exporter of cotton as well as the seventh largest world producer of gold. It is also a regionally significant producer of natural gas, coal, copper, oil, silver and uranium. Still, at cotton-harvest time, all students and teachers are mobilized and enslaved as unpaid labour to help in the fields. Facing a multitude of economic challenges upon acquiring independence, the government adopted an evolutionary reform strategy, with an emphasis on state control, reduction of imports and self-sufficiency in energy.

Since , the state-controlled media have repeatedly proclaimed the success of this "Uzbekistan Economic Model" and suggested that it is a unique example of a smooth transition to the market economy while avoiding shock, pauperism and stagnation. The gradualist reform strategy has involved postponing significant macroeconomic and structural reforms.

The state in the hands of the bureaucracy has remained a dominant influence in the economy. Corruption permeates the society and grows more rampant over time: Uzbekistan's Corruption Perception Index was out of countries, whereas in Uzbekistan was th out of countries.

A February report on the country by the International Crisis Group suggests that revenues earned from key exports, especially cotton, gold, corn and increasingly gas, are distributed among a very small circle of the ruling elite, with little or no benefit for the populace at large.

According to the Economist Intelligence Unit, "the government is hostile to allowing the development of an independent private sector, over which it would have no control". Thus, the middle class is marginalised economically and, consequently, politically. The economic policies have repelled foreign investment, which is the lowest per capita in the CIS.

For years, the largest barrier to foreign companies entering the Uzbekistan market has been the difficulty of converting currency. However, strict currency controls and the tightening of borders have lessened the effect of this measure. Stabilisation efforts implemented with guidance from the IMF paid off. Tight economic policies in resulted in a drastic reduction of inflation to 3. The inflation rates moved up to 6.

The government of Uzbekistan restricts foreign imports in many ways, including high import duties. Excise taxes are applied in a highly discriminatory manner to protect locally produced goods. Import substitution is an officially declared policy and the government proudly reports a reduction by a factor of two in the volume of consumer goods imported.

A number of CIS countries are officially exempt from Uzbekistan import duties. It houses a securities exchange, real estate traders, the national investment fund and the national securities depositary. It does not trade all joint-stock companies each month, and therefore market capitalisation varies widely. Uzbekistan's external position has been strong since Uzbekistan is considered one of the fastest growing economies in the world top 26 in the next decades according to a global bank HSBC survey.

Uzbekistan is Central Asia's most populous country. Its 29,, population comprise nearly half the region's total population. The population of Uzbekistan is very young: Other ethnic groups include Russians 5. There is some controversy about the percentage of the Tajik population. According to recent genetic genealogy testing from a University of Oxford study, the genetic admixture of the Uzbeks clusters somewhere between the Mongols and the Iranian peoples.

Uzbekistan has an ethnic Korean population that was forcibly relocated to the region by Stalin from the Soviet Far East in — There are also small groups of Armenians in Uzbekistan, mostly in Tashkent and Samarkand.

The U. There were 94, Jews in Uzbekistan in about 0. Fewer than 5, Jews remained in Uzbekistan in During the Soviet period, Russians and Ukrainians constituted more than half the population of Tashkent. The country counted nearly 1. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, significant emigration of ethnic Russians has taken place, mostly for economic reasons. Approximately , Crimean Tatars continue to live in Uzbekistan. The number of Greeks in Tashkent has decreased from 35, in to about 12, today.

The majority of Meskhetian Turks left the country after the pogroms in the Fergana valley in June Uzbekistan has a However, a Pew Research Center report stated that Uzbekistan's population is An estimated 93, Jews were once present in the country. Despite its predominance, the practice of Islam is far from monolithic.

Many versions of the faith have been practiced in Uzbekistan. The conflict of Islamic tradition with various agendas of reform or secularization throughout the 20th century has left the outside world with a confused notion of Islamic practices in Central Asia. The end of Soviet power in Uzbekistan did not bring an upsurge of fundamentalism, as many had predicted, but rather a gradual reacquaintance with the precepts of the faith. However after , there seems to be a rise of support in favor of the Islamists.

Although constitutionally maintaining rights to freedom of religion, Uzbekistan maintains a ban on all religious activities not approved by that state, with particularly harsh treatment of Protestant Christians being commonplace. The Uzbek language is the only official state language, and since is officially written in the Latin alphabet. The Tajik language is widespread in the cities of Bukhara and Samarkand because of their relatively large population of ethnic Tajiks.

Russian is an important language for interethnic communication, especially in the cities, including much day-to-day technical, scientific, governmental and business use. The use of Russian in remote rural areas has always been limited, and today school children have no proficiency in Russian even in urban centres. However, it was reported in that over half of the population could speak Russian, and a renewed close political relationship between Russia and Uzbekistan has meant that official discouragement of Russian has dropped off sharply.

In , the Latin alphabet was introduced and went through several revisions in throughout the s. Finally, in , Cyrillic alphabet was abruptly introduced by Soviet authorities and was used until the fall of Soviet Union.

In , Uzbekistan shifted back to the Latin script, which was modified in and is being taught in schools since Nevertheless, many signs and notices including official government boards in the streets are still written in Uzbek Cyrillic script [ citation needed ]. According to the official source report, as of March 10, , the number of cellular phone users in Uzbekistan reached 7 million, up from 3.

MCT Corp. Tashkent, the nation's capital and largest city, has a three-line rapid transit system built in , and expanded in after ten years' independence from the Soviet Union. The population of Uzbekistan, as of , is about 32,, people, which accounts for nearly 0.

The majority of the populations live in the suburbs and outskirts of towns. By taking the population of Uzbekistan and dividing it by the total area, we can uncover just how densely populated the country is, as well as compare it to the densities of other countries around the world.

After performing the calculation, the value of the population density is about , meaning there are about people per square mile of the area in Uzbekistan. The lowest point of elevation is located in the Sariqarnish Kuli Lake at a negative altitude of 39 feet below sea level.

The border separating Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan passes through the southern part of the lake, so a quarter of the water is part of northern Uzbekistan while the rest of the lake is situated in the southernmost areas of Turkmenistan. The highest point of elevation in Uzbekistan is atop the mountain, Khazret Sultan, with an altitude of 15, feet above sea level. The Khazret Sultan mountain is part of the Surkhandarya Province, which is located on the border that separates Uzbekistan and Tajikistan.

Uzbekistan shares its land border with its five neighboring countries: Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan. The border is heavily patrolled by security forces and features border barriers on some sections. Kazakhstan is situated to the north of Uzbekistan, and the two countries share a land border that stretches 1, miles.

The tripoint connecting the two countries to Turkmenistan marks the start of the border and ends at the tripoint connecting the two countries to Kyrgyzstan. The border separating the two countries was established soon after the collapse of the Soviet Union in the late 20th Century. Their remaining section was on three disputed regions which were Nsan, Bagys, and Arnasai. However, the two countries would reach to an agreement on the demarcation of the entire stretch of the border after resolving all border disputes.

For the year, the border had witnessed a spike in drug smuggling enabled by the porous nature of the border. In response, Kazakhstan started the construction of a border barrier over the sections of the border where the smuggling was most rampant. Construction of the barrier began in October and was financed by the Kazakhstan government. The barrier is made up of an 8-foot high barbed-wire fence which spans a length of about 28 miles.

Turkmenistan shares a long land border with Uzbekistan that is about 1, miles long. The east and northeast of the country are situated spurs of the Tien Shan and the Pamir mountains, here is the highest point in the country m. In the north central part of the territory of Uzbekistan is one of the largest deserts in the world - the Kyzyl Kum, west - the Karakum. The east of the country is dominated by middle and high landforms. To the south and west, they gradually fall and into the plains.

Stretch between mountains large cavities: Kashkadarya, Surkhandarya, Zarafshan, Samarkand are located. The largest intermountain trough - Ferghana hollow valley - lenght kilometers and width up to kilometers. On three sides of it are surrounded by the mountain ranges and is opened only from the west. On the border with Afghanistan is a vast Amu-Darya basin. The length of the territory of the Republic from west to east is 1 km from north to south - km.

The territory in the north and north-east of the Republic of Uzbekistan borders with Kazakhstan, in the east and south-east with Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan in the west with Turkmenistan, in the south with Afghanistan. The total length of the country border is 6 km.

The long border with Afghanistan is km, with Kazakhstan - 2 km, with Kyrgyzstan - 1 km, with Tajikistan - 1 km and Turkmenistan - 1 km. According to The State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan on statistics, as January 1, the population of the republic is 34 people.

Day of defenders of the Native land January, 14th This holiday in independent Uzbekistan is celebrated in honor of creation of own Armed forces. The parliament of the country on 14th January, has made a decision on transition of all parts and connections, military educational institutions and other military formations deployed in territory of the country, under jurisdiction of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

So the beginning was necessary to creation of own Armed forces. On 29th December, January 14th has been declared by Day of defenders of the Native land. Women's day March, 8th In Uzbekistan this holiday is celebrated as a holiday of love, kindness and beauty, as well as is known as "Mothers' day".

Navruz March, 21st The most ancient national holiday Navruz in translation with Persian Navruz designates "new day" which is celebrated on March, 21st, is considered the beginning of new year. As is known, March 21st is a day a spring equinox.

Day length and nights is identical - 12 hours. In the beginning of this holiday many Uzbek families prepare for national dishes such as Sumalak, Halim, Somsa from plant, Plov and others.

These Uzbek dishes contain many vitamin substances which are useful to a human body. With the obtaining of the country's independence ancient customs and traditions of Uzbek people have revived, holiday Navruz also has been restored, and celebrating has got new scope and depth.

It became a national holiday of friendship, unification, brotherhood of all people. In the bright dramatized representations of philosophic and poetic judgment of Navruz, it places in national history reveals. Now Navruz is celebrating annually in a grand manner. Day of memory and honor May, 9th In majestic Square of Memory has been opened in capital of Uzbekistan on 9th May and since then Day of memory and honor on May, 9th is celebrated.

This holiday in independent Uzbekistan is celebrated in honor of memory of our compatriots which during centuries heroically, self-denyingly protected our native territory, its freedom and independence, a peace life of our people.

Also this holiday is considered as a day of honoring human being, in this day people check up on their relatives and friends, particularly the elderly are honored and visited.